Open NetSim, Select Examples ->5G NR -> 4G vs 5G then click on the tile in the middle panel to load the example as shown in below screenshot

Figure 4‑42: List of scenarios for the example of 4G vs 5G

### 4G#

Under 4G click on 20 Nodes Sample, the following network diagram illustrates, what the NetSim UI displays when you open the example configuration file.

Figure 4‑43: Network set up for studying the 4G

Settings done in example config file:

1. Set grid length as 1000m from Environment setting.

2. Set the following property as shown in below given Table 4‑40.

eNB Properties -> Interface (LTE)
CA Type Intra Band Non- Contiguous CA
Frequency Range FR1
CA_Configuration CA_4DL_42C_2UL_42C_BCS1
DL_UL Ratio 1:1
CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4
Numerology 0
Channel Bandwidth 20 MHz
MCS Table QAM64
CQI Table TABLE1
Pathloss Model None

Table 4‑42: eNB >Interface (LTE) >Physical layer properties

1. Frequency range FR1, Numerology = 0, Bandwidth = 20 MHz with QAM 64 MCS table represents a 4G configuration

2. Set Uplink speed and Downlink speed as 10000 Mbps and BER as 0 in all wired links.

3. Set Tx_Antenna_Count as 2 and Rx_Antenna_Count as 1 in eNB > Interface LTE > Physical Layer.

4. Set Tx_Antenna_Count as 1 and Rx_Antenna_Count as 2 in UE > Interface LTE > Physical Layer.

5. ‘Configure the 20 applications Source id as 4 and Destination id as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 and set the properties as shown below. This would generate 2.5 Mbps of traffic per user. Transport Protocol is set to UDP in all the application.

Application Properties
Frame Per Sec 50
Pixel Per Frame 50000
Mu 1
Start_Time 1s

Table 4‑43: Application properties

1. Plots are enabled in NetSim GUI.

2. Run simulation for 2 sec. After simulation completes go to metrics window and note down throughput and delay value from application metrics.

Increase number of UE’s and number of applications as 40, 60, 80, and 100 and note down throughput and delay value from application metrics.

### 5G#

Under 5G click on 20 Nodes Sample, the following network diagram illustrates, what the NetSim UI displays when you open the example configuration file.

Figure 4‑44: Network set up for studying the 5G

Settings done in example config file:

1. For the above 5G scenario set the following given properties Table 4‑42.
gNB Properties -> Interface (5G_RAN)
Pathloss Model None
DL_UL_Ratio 1:1
Frequency Range FR2
CA_Type INTRA_BAND_NONCONTIGUOUS_CA
CA_Configuration CA_n261(2Q) _n261A
Numerology Channel Bandwidth (MHz)
CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5, CA6, CA7 and CA8 3 100
MCS Table QAM256
CQI Table TABLE2

Table 4‑44: gNB >Interface (5G_RAN) >Physical layer properties

1. The Tx_Antenna_Count was set to 2 and Rx_Antenna_Count was set to 1 in gNB > Interface 5G_RAN > Physical Layer.

2. The Tx_Antenna_Count was set to 1 and Rx_Antenna_Count was set to 2 in UE > Interface 5G_RAN > Physical Layer.

3. Frequency range FR2, Numerology = 3, Bandwidth = 100 MHz with QAM 256 MCS table represent a 5G configuration

4. The Uplink and Downlink speed was set to 10000 Mbps and BER as 0 in wired links.

5. Plots are enabled in NetSim GUI.

6. Run simulation for 2 sec. After simulation completes go to metrics window and note down throughput and delay value from application metrics.

Increase number of UE’s and number of applications as 40, 60, 80, and 100 and note down throughput and delay value from application metrics.

$$Throughput\ Per\ User\ (Mbps) = \frac{Sum\ of\ throughputs\ (Mbps)}{Number\ of\ User}$$

$$Delay\ Per\ User\ (\mu s) = \frac{Sum\ of\ Delays\ (\mu s)}{Number\ of\ User}$$

Result:

Throughput (Mbps) Delay (μs) Throughput (Mbps) Delay (μs)
per user Aggregate Average Delay per user Aggregate Average Delay
20 2.44 48.95 3886.56 2.46 49.27 500.63
40 2.43 97.55 6216.01 2.44 97.98 682.15
60 2.45 147.23 8505.414 2.45 147.20 812.41
80 2.44 195.95 10815.42 2.46 197.19 940.64
100 2.14 214.75 71807.78 2.46 246.17 1075.48
120 1.79 214.86 143552.3 2.46 295.75 1219.19
140 1.53 214.91 194969.3 2.46 345.05 1347.99

Table 4‑45: Aggregated and Average throughput and delay per user with different number of users for LTE 4G and 5G NR

For the given settings, the 4G network has a max download capacity available of about 217 Mbps. When this capacity is ready, as the number of users increases the throughput per user starts dropping in 4G. And the latency shoots up once this threshold is crossed. However, 5G can provide necessary bandwidth (has a capacity of 5+ Gbps) for each user to download at the full rate of 2.5 Mbps.

Figure 4‑45: Throughput vs Number of Devices for 4G and 5G. The 4G per user throughput starts falling after 80 devices.

Figure 4‑46: Plot of Latency vs Number of Devices. The 5G Network average delay is insignificant i.e., many orders of magnitude lower, and hence not visible in the plot.